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دانلود Gender openness in managerial education: a sport management focus با فرمت pdf ودر 16 صفحهMark E. Moore Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USAAbstractPurpose – The purpose of this research paper is to examine the effect of gender openness on femalestudent representation within sport management preparation programs.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was sent to 172 undergraduate and graduatesport management preparation programs within North America and 72 completed surveys werereturned. These data were used to test confirmatory factor and structural equation models atthe undergraduate (n ¼ 47) and graduate levels (n ¼ 47).Findings – Results show that gender openness progresses sequentially and is an effect ofprogrammatic size.Research limitations/implications – The primary limitation of this research investigation wasthe utilization of a cross-sectional design given the topic sensitivity. Despite its cross-sectional focus,the study offers important insight about gender openness and inclusion for female students withinsport management education.Originality/value – This study utilized a non-standard approach by examining programs relative togender openness in sequence as they relate to women in management education. This refreshedapproach should be valued by scholars and practitioners alike.Keywords Gender, Women, Students, Sports, United States of AmericaPaper type Research paperWithin sport organizations, there is an increasing need for effective management ofdiversity to maintain their competitive edge in this initial segment of the twenty-firstcentury. Cox and Blake (1991) claim that diversity, when managed properly in theworkforce, can provide numerous benefits to organizations, including improvements inresource allocation, marketing, problem solving and employee cooperation andinteraction. Despite the positives that can occur from its presence, diversity has beenshown to be lacking within the leadership structure of contemporary organizations,especially with respect to the representation of women.Duehr and Bono (2006) stated that the mobility of women into managerial positionsis still slow. This is particularly true within the sport industry. Acosta and Carpenter(2006) revealed that only 18.6 percent of female athletic programs at National CollegiateAthletic Association (NCAA) Division I member institutions within the USA wereheaded by women. In comparison, the authors stated that women directed 90 percent offemale sport programs at NCAA Division I member institutions in 1972, at the time ofthe enactment of the Title IX provision to the Educational Amendment to the CivilRight Act of 1964 for the purpose of prohibiting gender related discriminationwithin the USA.
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